Grundlegendes:
Video von die Alternative Perspektive: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xij8rgCh-w
Mein Video zum Thema Menschenrassen: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhShhCSfyfE
Die Fugate-Familie, blaue Haut, Methämoglobinämie: http://www.lessentiel.lu/de/panorama/story/gab-es-wirklich-mal-blaue-menschen-auf-der-erde-15932043
Literatur zum Thema Arten, Kladistik, biologische Klassifikation:
Zitat Ernst Mayr: Mayr, E. 1982. The Growth of Biological Thought:Diversiy Evolution, and Inheritance. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
Meine Artikelreihe zum Thema Arten und Artbildung:
Was ist eine Art (Spezies)? Teil 1/3: Die Realität der Arten
Was ist eine Art (Spezies)? Teil 2/3: Art-Konzepte
Was ist eine Art? Teil 3/3: Die Entstehung von Arten
meine Beiträge zum Thema Kladistik:
Kladistik-Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE4E3dIjG1pjlDIFW97g6Yhpj_NAPgWA4
Phylogenetische Systematik Teil 1: Taxonomie
Phylogenetische Systematik Teil 2: Kladistik
Kladistik Tutorial 2: Stammbäume richtig lesen
Kladistik-Tutorial 3: Homologie und verschachtelte Hierarchien in Kladogrammen
Kladistik Tutorial 4: Maximum Parsimonie
Afrikanischer Ursprung des modernen Menschen:
Fu Q, et al. (2013) A revised timescale for human evolution based on ancient mitochondrial genomes. Curr Biol. 2013 Apr 8;23(7):553-559.
Literatur zu den Unterarten/Arten der im Video angesprochenen Tierarten:
Erdbeerfröschchen
Aguilar-Gómez, Diana et al. (2024). Evolution and Diversification of the Aposematic Poison Frog, Oophaga pumilio, in Bocas del Toro.
Dugas, Matthew & Richards Zawacki, Corinne. (2015). A captive breeding experiment reveals no evidence of reproductive isolation among lineages of a polytypic poison frog. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 116. n/a-n/a. 10.1111/bij.12571.
Lehman, Mik & González-Santoro, Marco & Richards Zawacki, Corinne. (2024). Little evidence for color-or size-based mating preferences by male strawberry poison frogs (Oophaga pumilio). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 78. 10.1007/s00265-024-03436-9.
Prates, Ivan & Paz, Andrea & Brown, Jason & Carnaval, Ana. (2019). Links between prey assemblages and poison frog toxins: A landscape ecology approach to assess how biotic interactions affect species phenotypes. Ecology and Evolution. 10.1002/ece3.5867.
Siddiqi A, Cronin TW, Loew ER, Vorobyev M, Summers K (2004) Interspecific and intraspecific views of color signals in thestrawberry poison frog Dendrobates pumilio. J Exp Biol207:2471–2485.
Summers K, Cronin TW, Kennedy T (2003) Variation in spectral reflec-tance among populations of Dendrobates pumilio, the strawberrypoison frog, in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panama. J Bioge-ogr 30:35–53.
Wang, I., H. Shaffer. 2008. Rapid Color Evolution in an aposematic Species: A phylogentic Analysis of Color Variation in the Strikingly Polymorphic Stawberry Poison-dart Frog. Evolution, 62/11: 2742-2759.
Gouldamadine:
Olsson & P. Alström: A comprehensive phylogeny and taxonomic evaluation of the waxbills (Aves: Estrildidae). In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Band 146, 2020, Artikel 106757, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106757
Schopfgibbons:
Thinh, V.N. Hallam, C. Roos, C. Hammerschmidt, K. 2011. Concordance between vocal and genetic diversity in crested gibbons. BMC Evolutionary Biology 11: 36
Orang-Utans:
Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 183–84.
Nater, A. et al. (2017). “Morphometric, behavioral, and genomic evidence for a new orangutan species”. Current Biology. 27 (22): 3487–3498.
Schimpansen:
Groves, C. P. (2001). Primate Taxonomy. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 303–307. ISBN 978-1-56098-872-4.
Unterarten der Katzen (Tiger, Leopard, Jaguar, Puma):
Kitchener, A. C.; et al. (2017). “A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group”. Cat News (Special Issue 11): 33–34.
Afrikanischer Büffel:
Colin Groves und Peter Grubb: Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011, S. 1–317 (S. 108–144)
Daniel Cornélis, Mario Melletti, Lisa Korte, Sadie J. Ryan, Marzia Mirabile, Thomas Prin und Herbert H. T. Prins: African buffalo Syncerus caffer (Sparrman, 1779). In: M. Melletti und J. Burton (Hrsg.): Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour of Wild Cattle: Implications for Conservation. Cambridge University, 2014, S. 326–372
Wolf:
IUCN Redlist: Canis lupus
Allgemeine Literatur zu FST-Distanz, Heterozygotie etc.
Heterozygotie: https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/heterozygotie/31741
F-Statistik: https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/f-statistik/25916
Allel: https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/allel/2168
SNPs: https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/snp/61937
Microsatelliten: https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/mikrosatelliten/42997
Alu-Sequenz: https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/alu-sequenz/2566
mtDNA: https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/mtdna/44196
Literatur zur Tabelle der Heterozygotie im Video:
(zur Taxonomie der Arten siehe oben)
Ursprungsquelle: Is Homo sapiens polytypic? Human taxonomic diversity and its implications“ von Michael A. Woodley
Die ursprüngliche „Rationalwiki-Seite zu Woodley wurde entfernt (gab wohl gerichtliche Klagen 😊 https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Michael_A._Woodley_of_Menie#Racialism_and_far-right_views
über die Zeitschrift „Medical Hypothesis“ https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Hypotheses
Die verwendeten Quellen (nach der Reihenfolge im Video):
Wise CA, Sraml M, Rubinsztein DC, Easteal S. Comparative nuclear and mitochondrial genome diversity in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol. 1997 Jul;14(7):707-16. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025810. PMID: 9214743.
Jorde LB, Rogers AR, Bamshad M, Watkins WS, Krakowiak P, Sung S, Kere J, Harpending HC. Microsatellite diversity and the demographic history of modern humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Apr 1;94(7):3100-3. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.7.3100. PMID: 9096352; PMCID: PMC20328.
Bowcock AM, Ruiz-Linares A, Tomfohrde J, Minch E, Kidd JR, Cavalli-Sforza LL. High resolution of human evolutionary trees with polymorphic microsatellites. Nature. 1994 Mar 31;368(6470):455-7. doi: 10.1038/368455a0. PMID: 7510853.
Reinartz GE, Karron JD, Phillips RB, Weber JL. Patterns of microsatellite polymorphism in the range-restricted bonobo (Pan paniscus): considerations for interspecific comparison with chimpanzees (P. troglodytes). Mol Ecol. 2000 Mar;9(3):315-28. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00852.x. PMID: 10736029.
García-Moreno, J., Matocq, M.D., Roy, M.S., Geffen, E. and Wayne, R.K. (1996), Relationships and Genetic Purity of the Endangered Mexican Wolf Based on Analysis of Microsatellite Loci. Conservation Biology, 10: 376-389.
Literatur zu den FST-Distanzen:
FST-Distanz bei den zwei Vogelarten:
Toews DP, Taylor SA, Vallender R, Brelsford A, Butcher BG, Messer PW, Lovette IJ. Plumage Genes and Little Else Distinguish the Genomes of Hybridizing Warblers. Curr Biol. 2016 Sep 12;26(17):2313-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.034. Epub 2016 Aug 18. PMID: 27546575.
FST-Distanz Schimpansen:
Fischer A, Pollack J, Thalmann O, Nickel B, Pääbo S. Demographic history and genetic differentiation in apes. Curr Biol. 2006 Jun 6;16(11):1133-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.04.033. PMID: 16753568.
Fontsere C, et al. (2022): Population dynamics and genetic connectivity in recent chimpanzee history. Cell Genom. 2022 Jun 8;2(6):None. doi: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100133. PMID: 35711737; PMCID: PMC9188271.
Gonder, M. K., et al. (2011). Evidence from Cameroon reveals differences in the genetic structure and histories of chimpanzee populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(12), 4766–4771.
Templeton AR (2013). Biological races in humans. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences.44(3):262-271.
FST-Distanz beim Menschen:
Cao, Y., Li, L., Xu, M. et al. The ChinaMAP analytics of deep whole genome sequences in 10,588 individuals. Cell Res 30, 717–731 (2020).
Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi & Menozzi, Paolo & Piazza, Alberto. (1995). The History and Geography of Human Gene. 10.2307/2058750.
Fischer A, Pollack J, Thalmann O, Nickel B, Pääbo S. Demographic history and genetic differentiation in apes. Curr Biol. 2006 Jun 6;16(11):1133-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.04.033. PMID: 16753568.
Long, J. C. et al. (2009). Human DNA sequences: More variation and less race 139(1), 23–34.
Long, J. C. Kittles, R. A. (2003/2009). Human Genetic Diversity and the Nonexistence of Biological Races. Human Biology, 81(5-6), 777–798.
Long, J. C. (2009). Update to Long and Kittles’s “Human Genetic Diversity and the Nonexistence of Biological Races” (2003): Fixation on an Index. Human Biology, 81(5-6), 799–803.
Rosenberg N. A., Pritchard J. K., Weber J. L., Cann H. M., Kidd K. K., Zhivotovsky L. A., Feldman M. W. (2002): Genetic structure of human populations. Science; 298:2381–5.
Templeton AR (2013). Biological races in humans. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences.44(3):262-271.
The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium (2012): An integrated map of genetic variation from 1,092 human genomes Nature. 2012 Nov 1; 491(7422): 56–65.
The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium (2015): A global reference for human genetic variation Nature. 2015 Oct 1; 526(7571): 68–74.
Cluster-Analysen:
Bamshad MJ, Wooding S, Watkins WS, Ostler CT, Batzer MA, Jorde LB (2003): Human population genetic structure and inference of group membership. American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (3): 578–89. doi:10.1086/368061
Bamshad, M.; et al. (2004): Deconstructing the Relationship Between Genetics and Race. Nature Reviews Genetics. 5 (598): 598–609. doi:10.1038/nrg1401
Carlson J. et al. (2022). Counter the weaponization of genetics research by extremists. Nature. 610(7932):444-447.
Charlon T, Di Cara A, Voloshynovskiy S and Wojcik J. (2017): Replication of the principal component analyses of the human genome diversity panel. F1000Research 6:278
Lawson DJ, Van Dorp L, Falush D. A (2018): tutorial on how not to over-interpret STRUCTURE and ADMIXTURE bar plots. Nat Commun.;9:3258.
Li, J. Zet al. (2008): Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation. Science 319: 1100-1104. doi:10.1126/science.1153717
Patterson N, Price AL, Reich D. Population structure and eigenanalysis. PLoS Genet. 2006 Dec;2(12):e190. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020190. PMID: 17194218; PMCID: PMC1713260.
Rosenberg N. A., et al. (2002): Genetic structure of human populations. Science; 298:2381–5.
Rosenberg N. A., et al. (2005): Clines, Clusters, and the Effect of Study Design on the Inference of Human Population Structure. PLoS Genet 1(6): e70.
Tishkoff, S. A., et al. (2009): The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans. Science 324:1035–44.
Xing, J.; et al. (2010): Toward a more uniform sampling of human genetic diversity: A survey of worldwide populations by high-density genotyping. Genomics. 96 (4): 199–210. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2010.07.00
